Advanced Placement (AP) Biology Practice Exam

What is the F2 generation derived from?

1. Crossing over of genes

2. Offspring of the P generation

3. Offspring of the F1 generation

4. Hybridization of true breeding plants

The correct answer is: Offspring of the F1 generation

The F2 generation is derived specifically from the offspring of the F1 generation. In Mendelian genetics, when the parental generation (P generation) is crossbred, the resulting first filial generation (F1) consists of the immediate offspring that exhibit a blend of traits from the parents. When individuals from the F1 generation are then allowed to interbreed or self-fertilize, the second filial generation (F2) arises. This F2 generation will display a ratio of traits that can manifest in various combinations, illustrating the principles of dominance and segregation as described in Mendel's laws. This foundational genetic principle is crucial for understanding inheritance patterns and genetic variation in both plants and animals, as it sets the stage for studying how traits are passed down over generations.