What effect do protein phosphatases have on proteins?

Protein phosphatases play a crucial role in cellular regulation by removing phosphate groups from proteins, a process known as dephosphorylation. This activity predominantly impacts the function and activity of various proteins within the cell. When a protein is phosphorylated, it can undergo significant changes in shape and function, often leading to the activation of that protein or a change in its interaction with other molecules. By removing these phosphate groups, protein phosphatases can effectively inactivate proteins or revert them to their original state. This balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation controlled by kinases and phosphatases is essential for regulating various cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and metabolic pathways.